The History of Pena Palace - A National Monument in Sintra

12th century

Pena Palace is a consequence of several decisions taken by individuals in power. Its history begins well before its construction. A chapel dedicated to Nossa Senhora da Pena stood at Pena Palace's place in the 12th century. When King Manuel I came to power, he brought it down to create a monastery called the Royal Monastery of Nossa Senhora da Pena. It was handed to the Order of Saint Jerome later.

18th century

A devastating earthquake ripped Lisbon in 1755. It caused widespread destruction, leaving the Royal Monastery of Nossa Senhora da Pena in ruins. Hardly anything was left of the monastery, but it stayed functional throughout the 18th century and the start of the 18th century.

19th century

Pena Palace got its current form in the 19th century. The Royal Monastery of Nossa Senhora da Pena was abandoned in 1834 after the fall of the religious orders in Portugal. Four years later, King D. Fernando II of Portugal, who fell in love with Sintra, ordered the construction of Pena Palace on the ruins of the old monastery. His family used the palace and its beautiful park as a summer residence for over a decade. The palace’s residents changed in the second half of the 19th century, with King D. Carlos I and Queen D. Amélia of Orléans using it in the summer season. Their son, D. Manuel II, also spent significant time in this palace.

20th century

Pena Palace’s reputation was enhanced in the 20th century. It was classified as a National Monument and the most important centre of the Cultural Landscape of Sintra in 1910. The palace earned its UNESCO World Heritage Site status in 1995.

Baron Wilhelm Ludwig von Eschwege

King D. Fernando II of Portugal appointed Baron Wilhelm Ludwig von Eschwege, a renowned German architect, to build Pena Palace. Von Eschwege was born in Hanover, Germany, and studied engineering and architecture.

He went to Brazil in 1910 and worked as a mining engineer and geologist. He was crucial in developing Brazil's mining industry, earning him a reputation as one of the country's most distinguished experts in the field.

He began work on Pena Palace’s design and construction in 1838. Von Eschwege worked tirelessly to prepare the palace's layout and ensure its decorative elements enchanted visitors. He also oversaw the construction of the palace’s key features, including the impressive entrance archway and the ornate chapel.

The Architecture of Pena Palace

Pena Palace is an architectural masterpiece, a place for visitors to Romanticism in architecture. Designed by Baron Wilhelm Ludwig von Eschwege, the palace incorporates several architectural styles, such as Gothic, Moorish, and Renaissance.

It has a unique design with vibrant yellow and red shades and decorative details. The interior is equally impressive; lavishly decorated rooms, intricate tilework, and ornate furnishings provide a taste of royal life.

A stunning chapel is also located within the palace grounds, featuring stained glass windows and detailed carvings. Pena Palace park and gardens also have unique elements, with several exotic plants, winding paths, and gorgeous views of the surrounding landscape.